1900+-+2000+-+20th+Century+-+Research+and+Development

=**1900 - 2000 - 20th Century - Research and Development** =

10 Facts:
1. **Pharmaceutical** information tells researchers the best way to give the medicine and how it behaves once inside the body. Once this data is available from volunteers, an application can be made to start clinical trials in patients. 2.**Vaccination**: although first described by Edward Jenner in the 18th century, mass vaccination programmes were undertaken to prevent deaths from diseases such as yellow fever, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps and rubella. In 1980 the World Health Organization announced that the deadly smallpox virus had been completely demolished. 3. **Medical imaging**: physicians can now call on a range of techniques to see inside the body of their patients. X-rays, discovered by Roentgen, were the first but now sophisticated computer technology allows surgeons to plan operations and radiologists to target tumors with pinpoint accuracy. Ultrasound, magnetic resonance imagery (MRI) and computer tomography (CT) scans are all part of the doctor's diagnostic armory. 4**. Technology**: advances in bioengineering, computing power, materials technology and many other areas of science have led to the development of many medical devices. 5. DNA : the human genome project is unlocking the secrets held within our DNA. It will lead to a much better understanding of the genetic basis for many diseases and may enable the development of new cures in the 21st Century 6. The first heart transplant was performed by Doctor Christian Bernar n 1967 and on July 25th 1978.. Research and development of modern medicines has made a massive contribution to the improvement in health and life expectancy. 7. Many diseases can be controlled and treated but this takes money. In places such as Africa, South America and Asia, the levels of healthcare a re below those found in the more well off Western nations. Diseases like HIV/AIDS, cholera, tuberculosis, pneumonia and malaria remain major killers in these regions. The challenge of medicine in the 21st Century is to make high quality healthcare available to all. 8. In 1922, the Canadian physiologists Fred Banting and Charles Best announced to the world that they had discovered Insulin and successfully used it to treat diabetes in a human patient. Until then, diabetics would struggle to grow and there was no successful treatment. 9. In 1871, Joseph Lister noticed that some molds could make other microbes grow more weakly. He did not realize the potential of this observation and did not follow it any further. It was over fifty years later, in 1928, that Alexander Fleming made a similar observation. 10. New medicines, improved air quality and better public hygiene has contributed to life expectancy increasing.



﻿The research and development of the 20th century had a large impact on society. Scientists started the epidemic of the

Human Genome Project and genetics. This had

people eager to learn about DNA, genetics and the human body.

Two Links:
http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/abpi/history/history13.html

http://library.thinkquest.org/15569/hist-10.html

Large Medical Advancements:
1. 1928- Alexander Flemming discovered what would today be the large arrangement of antibiotics. 2. 1980- World Health Organization announced that smallpox had been completely demolished.

Role Played On Society:
20th century research and development on medicine played a large role on society. People in America stopped having smallpox. More and more antibiotics were discovered, people recovered from sicknesses quicker. Less people died from deadly illnesses that we found cures for. Scientists also started the Human Genome Project. This interested a lot of people and brought a lot more people to study this also.